More noun declensions (Grammar #2)

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νίζ᾽ ὕδατι λιαρῷ

(Hom. Il. 11.846)

("he washed with warm water")

ὕδατι : "with water", DAT sg, from NOM ὕδωρ ("water"). -ι is the typical ending of the DAT sg masc of the third declension.

λιαρῷ: "warm", adj DAT sg, from NOM λιαρός.

νίζ᾽: "he washed", elided form of νίζε, which could be either 3rd sg imperf ind act [homeric ionic unaugmented] ("he washed"), or imperative pres 2nd sg act ("wash", found on Iliad 11.830). From νίζω.

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κεῖθ᾽ ἁλὶ

(Hom. Od. 13.235)

("It lies on the salty sea")

ἁλί: "on the sea", DAT sg, from NOM sg ἅλς (GEN: ἁλός ). ἅλς is used in plural form to indicate salt, and in poetic contexts it's used in singular form as a synonim for the sea.

κεῖθ᾽: "it lies", elided form (Attic: κεῖται), verb 3rd sg pres ind mp poetic, from κεῖμαι ("to be laid, to lie").

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πρηνὴς ἁλὶ

(Hom. Od.5.374)

("headlong into the sea")

ἁλί: "into the sea", DAT sg, from NOM sg ἅλς (GEN: ἁλός ). ἅλς is used in plural form to indicate salt, and in poetic contexts it's used in singular form as a synonim for the sea.

πρηνής "headlong, with head downwards, head-foremost, prone", adj sg masc nom epic ionic.

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ἅλεσσι μεμιγμένον εἶδαρ

(Hom. Od. 11.123 )

("food mingled with salt")

ἅλεσσι: "with salt", DAT pl, from NOM sg ἅλς (GEN: ἁλός ). Usually used in plural form. -σι is the typical ending of the DAT pl of the third declension.

μεμιγμένον: "mixed, mingled", part sg perf mp neut acc, from μίγνυμι ("to mix, mix up, mingle").

εἶδαρ: "food", noun sg neut nom/acc.

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